Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion

Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion

Anxiolytic medications significantly encourage sedation and lessen anxiety and its allied symptoms. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by restlessness, feeling on edge, easily exhausted, inability to concentrate, irritability, muscle tension and sleep disturbance—anxiolytic acts on specific receptors to avert the above clinical features demonstrated by persons with generalized anxiety disorder. Benzodiazepines are a major vital treatment for anxiety-related disorders (Gomez, et al., 2019). Benzodiazepines exist and are prescribed in different formulations for all age groups. Benzodiazepines are metabolized by the phase I oxidative CYP enzyme system and phase II glucuronidation. The active metabolite desmethyldiazepam metabolizes long-acting benzodiazepines.

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The FDA recommends Buspirone and alzopram anxiolytics.  All benzodiazepines, sedatives hypnotic and non-benzodiazepines produce a common pharmacodynamics effect.  Pharmacodynamics of anxiolytics include drowsiness and psychomotor deficiency. Benzodiazepines yield antiepileptic actions, amnesia and muscle lessening. Non- benzodiazepines only entail a focus on sedation and psychomotor impairment Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion.

Various factors such as gender and age impact the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics of anxiolytic medication. The elderly patients experience ease in sedation and psychomotor impairment compared to the young adult populations (DeMartini, et al., 2019). Another factor is gender. Zolpidem anxiolytic plasma concentrations are significantly higher than in men. The FDA thus instituted recommendations to reduce doses prescribed to enhance efficacy. The metabolism and elimination are much easier among the young population than in the elderly due to kidney compromise. Genetic variations among individuals impair how anxiolytic medications are metabolized in the body. Sex differences in body enzymes, body mass, muscle mass, and blood volume significantly contribute to pharmacokinetics variability among persons. Generalized anxiety disorder treatment options utilize pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy to lessen anxiety. Both therapies tend to reduce the anxiety state and prevent bizarre behaviors. Antidepressants are used to suppress overt mood; anxiolytics reduce anxiety stressors (Li et al., 2019)Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion. Psychotherapy techniques include talk therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy.

References

DeMartini, J., Patel, G., & Fancher, T. L. (2019). Generalized anxiety disorder. Annals of internal medicine, 170(7), ITC49-ITC64.

Gomez, A. F., Barthel, A. L., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Comparing the efficacy of benzodiazepines and serotonergic anti-depressants for adults with generalized anxiety disorder: a meta-analytic review. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 19(8), 883-894.

Li, Y., Meng, Q., Yang, M., Liu, D., Hou, X., Tang, L., … & Bi, H. (2019). Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 9(6), 1113-1144.

Psychological disorders, such as depression, bipolar, and anxiety disorders can present several complications for patients of all ages. These disorders affect patients physically and emotionally, potentially impacting judgment, school and/or job performance, and relationships with family and friends. Since these disorders have many drastic effects on patients’ lives, it is important for advanced practice nurses to effectively manage patient care. With patient factors and medical history in mind, it is the advanced practice nurse’s responsibility to ensure the safe and effective diagnosis, treatment, and education of patients with psychological disorders Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion.

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a psychological condition that affects 6.1 million Americans, or 3.1% of the US Population. Despite several treatment options, only 43.2% of those suffering from GAD receive treatment. This week you will review several different classes of medication used in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder. You will examine potential impacts of pharmacotherapeutics used in the treatment of GAD. Please focus your assignment on FDA approved indications when referring to different medication classes used in the treatment of GAD.

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To Prepare
Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics)Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history with GAD.
By Day 3 of Week 8
Post a discussion of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics related to anxiolytic medications used to treat GAD. In your discussion, utilizing the discussion highlights, compare and contrast different treatment options that can be used Treatment For Anxiety-Related Disorders Discussion