The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper

The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper

Hello, this essay must have Citations from at least 8 peer-reviewed/scholarly sources and all required readings and presentations 1-3, but no more than 4 pages. Double-spaced content, Double-spaced. Turabian Format. Plagiarism free. Must have at least 5 years 2017-2022) of Bibliographical citation. Except required textbook and assigned readings: Higgs Chapter 8-9Hamburger: Chapter 15-21 The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper
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Executive Summary

Recidivism is an essential concept within criminal justice. It mainly projects the rate in which an individual relapses into crimes especially after they are sanctioned or have been punished for a previous crime.[1] The recidivism rate has been increasing worldwide, with the United States recording the highest recidivism rate globally. The statistics show that the United States releases over 600,000 prisoners from prison and 7 million from jail yearly.[2] However, within the first three years after these individuals’ release, 2 in every three individuals becomes arrested again, with over 50 percent undergoing another incarceration.[3] Re-arrests and incarceration affect these individuals, their families, and society negatively, thus the need to evaluate the most viable policy that will help reduce the recidivism rate without parole supervision. For instance, children who hail from families with high incarceration rates and re-arrests have higher chances of failing to meet their daily needs and sink into poverty and homelessness.[4] As a result, these children’s right to education may be affected greatly, leading them to follow their parents’ footsteps in criminal activities, thus affecting society. The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper

Background

After individuals have been released from jail, some find it hard to reintegrate and cope with societal rules and norms. Some leading factors include unemployment, family disputes, and the inability to adjust to the new environment. For instance, incarcerated individuals may fail to secure good jobs since most employers request criminal history.[5] At the same time, some may end up losing federal and state benefits like driver’s licenses and public housing, including education assistance access. Another issue that may affect offenders after a release from jail is engaging in drug addiction which may increase their chances of engaging in violent crimes crediting to their arrests.

Also, society may sometimes be one factor that leads to an increase in recidivism rates. For example, after the offenders have been released from jail, the community and their families may start stigmatizing them, thus increasing negativity upon these individuals.[6] At times, these offenders need a supportive community that will help them avoid engaging in the vicious failed social integration cycle, social rejection, reconviction, and reoffending. Hence, policymakers need to think beyond these violent criminal activities when they are engaging in policies to reduce recidivism rates without parole supervision. In such a case, Christian-based intervention like using religious leaders to convince the public of the need for forgiveness and acceptance is important. That is seen even in Biblical stories like that of Saul, who had constantly persecuted Christians, but once he realized his mistakes, he was ready to change. However, his behaviors would not impact today if the Christian community did not accept and forgive him for his past behaviors. The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper

Initially, the criminal justice system put policies like incarceration and incapacitation at the forefront. However, there will be a need to ensure that the criminal justice department understands the root cause of these criminal behaviors that leads to re-arrests, especially the behavioral and attitude factors.[7] All these should be done during the incarceration period to ensure that once the offenders complete their punishment period, they will swiftly manage to integrate with society. That is because, without understanding the root cause of these re-arrests and engaging in a practice like incapacitation, the criminal justice department will be increased costs for the prisons while putting other communities at risk where the incapacitated individual will seek refuge.

Recommendations

Incarceration and incapacitation are yet to reduce recidivism rates in the United States. Hence, the policy that will most effectively ensure that recidivism rates reduce without involving parole supervision concerns providing the offenders with a comprehensive healthcare service during their incarceration period.[8] The United States constitution, especially the 14th amendment clause, aims at protecting all American citizens’ rights, even those enslaved.[9] The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper Therefore, as a part of government arm, the criminal justice system should always ensure that it promote the well-being of the offenders.[10] Hence, the policy on reducing recidivism rates without any form of supervision is essential since it will aim to ensure that no extended punishment or re-arrests occurs.

For instance, most scholars have identified that when offenders engage in a drug court, the instance has reduced the re-arrest cases. However, few studies evaluate the effectiveness of mental health interventions like behavioral therapies in conjunction with the drug court to help understand the behaviors of most offenders and how the case can be intervened.[11] The policy will also try to evaluate how it can address the psychological and social factors of the incarcerated offenders or those within the community with an incarceration history. The “Hawaii Opportunity Probation with Enforcement” project has successfully engaged such a policy.[12] Furthermore, the Hawaii project proves its effectiveness in ensuring drug abuse problems intervention happens without relying on incarceration.

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Therefore, the prison officers must liaise with the ministry of health to ensure they get the best mental health professional to interact with and understand the offender’s behavioral stances and attitudes. The reason why the policy will be effective is based on the fact that before an offender is released, the prison system will understand the kind of issues that affects the offenders.[13] For instance, after understanding that an offender has an issue controlling drug intake, a drug treatment court will effectively reduce re-arrests, especially for first-time offenders.

Bibliography

Besin-Mengla, Mendong Margaret. “Reintegration difficulties of ex-convicts: Reasons for recidivism of ex-convicts in Cameroon.” African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 3, no. 4 (2020): 10-24.

Bowler, Nicholas, Ceri Phillips, and Paul Rees. “The association between imported factors and prisoners’ mental health: Implications for adaptation and intervention.” International journal of law and psychiatry 57 (2018): 61-66.

Bartels, Lorana. “HOPE-ful bottles: Examining the potential for Hawaii’s opportunity probation with enforcement (HOPE) to help mainstream therapeutic jurisprudence.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 63 (2019): 26-34.

Dupuy, Danielle Marie. “The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California.” PhD diss., UCLA, 2019. The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper

Hamburger, Philip A. “Natural rights, natural law, and American constitutions.” Yale LJ 102 (1992): 907.

Higgs, Robert. Neither liberty nor safety: Fear, ideology, and the growth of government. Independent Studies in Politic, 2007.

Lahtinen, Päivikki, Terhi Esko, Anu Kajamaa, Berit Johnsen, L. Sepannen, and Sarah Hean. “Addressing reoffending through addressing offender mental health: Exploring the viability of the Change Laboratory method as means of promoting social innovation in the delivery of integrated mental health care offenders in prison services.” (2018).

Muentner, Luke. “Churning Through the System: Implications of Fathers’ Reentry and Recidivism after Prison for Children’s Well-Being.” Crime & Delinquency (2022): 00111287221087956.

Muentner, Luke. Reentry and Family Reunification: Examining Children’s Well-Being after Incarcerated Parents are Released from Prison. The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2021.

Sawyer, Wendy, and Peter Wagner. “Mass incarceration: The whole pie 2019.” Prison policy initiative 19 (2019).

[1] Muentner, Luke. “Churning Through the System: Implications of Fathers’ Reentry and Recidivism after Prison for Children’s Well-Being.” Crime & Delinquency (2022): 00111287221087956.

[2] Sawyer, Wendy, and Peter Wagner. “Mass incarceration: The whole pie 2019.” Prison policy initiative 19 (2019).

[3] Muentner, Luke. Reentry and Family Reunification: Examining Children’s Well-Being after Incarcerated Parents are Released from Prison. The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2021.

[4] Muentner, Luke. “Churning Through the System: Implications of Fathers’ Reentry and Recidivism after Prison for Children’s Well-Being.” Crime & Delinquency (2022): 00111287221087956.

[5] Dupuy, Danielle Marie. “The Impact of Youth Incarceration on Violent Crime and Behavior: an examination of youth arrests, incarceration and recidivism by race among male youth in Los Angeles, California.” PhD diss., UCLA, 2019.

[6] Besin-Mengla, Mendong Margaret. “Reintegration difficulties of ex-convicts: Reasons for recidivism of ex-convicts in Cameroon.” African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 3, no. 4 (2020): 10-24.

[7] Besin-Mengla, Mendong Margaret. “Reintegration difficulties of ex-convicts: Reasons for recidivism of ex-convicts in Cameroon.” African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 3, no. 4 (2020): 10-24.

[8] Lahtinen, Päivikki, Terhi Esko, Anu Kajamaa, Berit Johnsen, L. Sepannen, and Sarah Hean. “Addressing reoffending through addressing offender mental health: Exploring the viability of the Change Laboratory method as means of promoting social innovation in the delivery of integrated mental health care offenders in prison services.” (2018).

[9] Hamburger, Philip A. “Natural rights, natural law, and American constitutions.” Yale LJ 102 (1992): 907.

[10] Higgs, Robert. Neither liberty nor safety: Fear, ideology, and the growth of government. Independent Studies in Politic, 2007.

[11] Bowler, Nicholas, Ceri Phillips, and Paul Rees. “The association between imported factors and prisoners’ mental health: Implications for adaptation and intervention.” International journal of law and psychiatry 57 (2018): 61-66.

[12] Bartels, Lorana. “HOPE-ful bottles: Examining the potential for Hawaii’s opportunity probation with enforcement (HOPE) to help mainstream therapeutic jurisprudence.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 63 (2019): 26-34. The Policy Memorandum Essay Assignment Paper

[13] Ibid

Week 6 Sec 4 Policy Memorandum Paper

POLICY Memorandum instructions:
The concepts and ideals of constitutional order are not new and have been passed down from
generation to generation since constitutions have been written. However, these concepts and
ideals have a paradoxical relationship within the modern state. Men of principle, who knew more
what didn’t want to see in a new nation than what they did want, founded the United States of
America. These men believed in noble principles and ideologies so strongly that the possibility
of financial ruin or even death did not deter them from establishing a constitutional republic that
guaranteed “liberty and justice for all.” These men were not politicians, but they were educated,
imbued with deep thought, and had an unbreakable conviction. While some like John Adams
were prone to flowery oratory and others like Thomas Jefferson were gifted with the ability to
compose documents, they did what “political experience” could not; they gave us liberty and the
most brilliantly devised system of self-government the world has ever known.
Assignment:

Pick one of the three (3) policy areas you identified in the first week of class. My Policy Choice is Policy to reduce the high rate of recidivism among violent criminals without parole supervision. Write a Policy Memorandum to your boss, the newly elected Representative from the 5th District of Virginia vital information on that policy issue to prepare him/her for a hearing. Explore the
history of the policy issue and using the information learned thus far in this class, explain how
the issue has changed over time as a result of “challenges” to the Constitution.
you will interpret, analyze, and suggest a position on a public policy issue.
Assignment Specifics:
Citations from at least 8 peer-reviewed/scholarly sources and all required readings and
presentations
1-3, but no more than 4 pages. Double-spaced content, not counting the title page or
references Double-spaced. Turabian Format.

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Required Reading:

Higgs Chapter 8-9

Hamburger: Chapter 15-21

.Please check on client’s upload for detailed instructions.