The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example

The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example

An understanding of the neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critically important component of disease and disorder diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the impact that that these two systems can have on each other. A variety of factors and circumstances affecting the emergence and severity of issues in one system can also have a role in the performance of the other.

Effective analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their mutual impact. For example, patient characteristics such as, racial and ethnic variables can play a role.

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An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in neurological and musculoskeletal systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans. The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.

Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.

How these processes interact to affect the patient.

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following:

Both the neurological and musculoskeletal pathophysiologic processes that would account for the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.

Scenario 3: A 58-year-old obese white male presents to ED with chief complaint of fever, chills, pain, and swelling in the right great toe. He states the symptoms came on very suddenly and he cannot put any weight on his foot. Physical exam reveals exquisite pain on any attempt to assess the right first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Past medical history positive for hypertension and Type II diabetes mellitus. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg po q am, and metformin 500 mg po bid. CBC normal except for elevated sedimentation rate (ESR) of 33 mm/hr and C-reactive protein (CRP) 24 mg/L. Metabolic panel normal. Uric acid level 6.7 mg/dl. The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example

When patients experience reduced renal excretion, the main cause of hyperuricemia, they develop higher chances of developing gouty arthritis. The condition may happen if a patient receives diuretics where the case study patient has been using the hydrochlorothiazide diuretics or due to hereditary factors. On the other hand, the prevailing conditions like swelling, fever, chills, and his right great toe experiencing pain prove the musculoskeletal system’s inflammation within the toe area. The reason for such experience is that different body structures like bones, nerves, joints, muscles, and tendons usually undergo different physio-pathological mechanisms. In such a case, the main musculoskeletal and neurological conditions alteration is due to the incongruency of the body’s ability to hold weight and the external load caused by exertion and physical posture. According to Katz et al. (2020), the load frequency and duration of holding it are also important factors to consider. That is due to the amount of pressure exerted and the capacity to withhold it depending on factors like age, general health, and gender, with men exerting more pressure due to their ability to withhold huge loads The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example.

In that case, the neurological process leads the case study patient to experience pain associated with gout. According to Lawson & Castellanos (2021), pain is the main acute gout flare determinant and may be caused by conditions like bradykinin and prostaglandins local production and nociceptors sensitization. That is because once unmyelinated nerve fibers are stimulated, neuropeptides become released, resulting in plasma extravasation and vasodilation, among other factors. Hence, the case study patient has damaged tissue since pain is a neurological sensation. In addition, the musculoskeletal process that leads to gout incorporates urate precipitation, needle-shaped crystals deposited within the avascular tissues like the cartilage, or in other avascular tissues like ligaments and tendons. As a result, the patient foot cannot hold weight since there is a motor reflex action within the swollen foot.

Racial or Ethnic Variables on Physiological Functioning

In a research study by White et al. (2019), the author’s main aim was to comprehend different ethnic groups’ lean mass and muscle strength differences. In their research findings, white et al. (2019) found that black and Hispanic men had a higher lean mass than white men. However, black and Hispanic men are projected to have lower physical levels. That means Black and Hispanic men are more likely to develop musculoskeletal and neurological conditions than White men. On the other hand, Myers et al. (2022) postulate that comparing the White and African American people; the African Americans have lower muscle quality resulting in higher BMI than White men. In addition, research shows that African American men have higher chances of developing gout than white men. The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example

Process Interaction Effect on the Patient

A case study patient is a White man, thus proving his higher physical functioning. Individuals with a higher functioning tend to have minimal suffering risks like hypertension and arthritis. However, these individuals are more prone to joint and muscle injuries leading to tissue inflammation or pain. Therefore, the patient’s earlier conditions like diabetes mellitus and hypertension may have led to gouty arthritis. Also, the disease pathogenesis may have been triggered by the patient’s hydrochlorothiazide and obesity, thus causing swelling of the toe muscle and pain. Overall, despite the patient being part of the population with a lower risk of gouty arthritis, his current body mass index risks his health. Also, his previous medical history risks the patient from developing hyperuricemia which poses a potential gouty arthritis cause. The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example

References

Katz, R. S., Hassan, S., & Small, B. (2020). Clinical Issues in the Arthritis Patient. In Diagnostic Radiology of the Rheumatic Diseases (pp. 31-37). Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25116-1_3

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Lawson, E. F., & Castellanos, J. P. (2021). Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. Springer International Publishing.

Myers, J., Harber, M. P., Johnson, L., Arena, R., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2022). Current state of unhealthy living characteristics in White, African American and Latinx populations. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2022.05.002

White, E. K., Mooney, J., & Warren, C. S. (2019). Ethnicity, eating pathology, drive for muscularity, and muscle dysmorphia in college men: a descriptive study. Eating disorders, 27(2), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2019.1585717 The Neurological And Musculoskeletal Pathophysiologic Processes Essay Example