Research Critiques and PICOT Statement

Benchmark – Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft

Qualitative Study

Background of Study:

• Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
• How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
• Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
• List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
• Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem? Research Critiques and PICOT Statement
  

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Method of Study:

• Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?
• Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?
• Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?
• Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.
• Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?
• Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?
• When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings? Research Critiques and PICOT Statement

Results of Study

• What were the study findings?
• What are the implications to nursing?
• Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?

Ethical Considerations

• Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
• Was patient privacy protected?
• Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

• Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.
• Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.
• Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.
• Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Quantitative Study

Background of Study:

• Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
• How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
• Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
• List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
• Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem? Research Critiques and PICOT Statement

 Methods of Study

• Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?
• Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?
• Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?
• Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study was conducted?
• Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?
• How were data collected in this study?
• What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method?
• Identify the time period for data collection of the study.
• Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant.
• Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study.
• Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis?
• What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and compare their analyses?

Results of Study

• What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings?
• Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the findings?
• What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?
• Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings?
• What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the findings of the study be applied to general nursing practice, to a specific population, or to a specific area of nursing?
• What suggestions are made for further studies? Research Critiques and PICOT Statement

Ethical Considerations

• Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
• Was patient privacy protected?
• Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

• Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.
• Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.
• Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.
• Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Benchmark – Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Reference

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Benchmark – Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft  

	1 Unsatisfactory 0.00%	2 Less than Satisfactory 75.00%	3 Satisfactory 83.00%	4 Good 94.00%	5 Excellent 100.00%
60.0 %Content
5.0 %Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement	A nursing practice problem is not clearly described and/or a PICOT statement is not included.	PICOT statement describes a nursing practice problem but lacks reliable sources.	PICOT statement describes a nursing practice problem and includes a few reliable sources.	PICOT statement articulates a nursing practice problem using supporting information from reliable sources.	PICOT statement clearly articulates a nursing practice problem using substantial supporting information from numerous reliable sources.
5.0 %Background of Study	Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is incomplete.	Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.	Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.	Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.	Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
5.0 %Method of Study	Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is incomplete.	Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
5.0 %Results of Study	Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is incomplete.	Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
5.0 %Ethical Considerations	Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is incomplete.	Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.	Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.
5.0 %Conclusion	Conclusion does not summarize a critical appraisal and applicability of findings.	Conclusion is vague and does not discuss importance to nursing.	Conclusion summarizes utility of the research and importance to nursing practice.	Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal and the findings importance to nursing practice.	Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal, knowledge learned, and the importance of the findings to nursing practice.
10.0 %Evidence of Revision	Final paper does not demonstrate incorporation of feedback or evidence of revision on research critiques.	Incorporation of research critique feedback or evidence of revision is incomplete.	Incorporation of research critique feedback and evidence of revision are present.	Evidence of incorporation of research critique feedback and revision is clearly provided.	Evidence of incorporation of research critique feedback and revision is comprehensive and thoroughly developed.
10.0 %PICOT Statement, Research Article, and Nursing Practice Problem Link (C. 2.2)	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is not included.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is incomplete or incorrect.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is included but lacks relevant details and supporting explanation.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is complete and includes relevant details and supporting explanation.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is extremely thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive supporting explanation.
10.0 %Proposed Evidence-Based Practice Change (C. 3.2)	The proposed evidence-based practice change is not included.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is incomplete or incorrect.	Discussion of the link between the PICOT statement, research articles, and nursing practice problem is included but lacks relevant details and supporting explanation. The proposed evidence-based practice change is included but lacks supporting explanation and relevant details.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is complete and includes supporting explanation and relevant details.	The proposed evidence-based practice change is extremely thorough and includes substantial supporting explanation and numerous relevant details.
30.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
10.0 %Thesis Development and Purpose	Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.	Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.	Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.	Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.	Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
10.0 %Argument Logic and Construction	Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.	Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.	Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.	Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.	Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
10.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)	Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.	Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.	Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.	Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.	Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
10.0 %Format
5.0 %Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)	Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.	Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.	Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.	Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.	All format elements are correct.
5.0 %Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) Research Critiques and PICOT Statement	Sources are not documented.	Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.	Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.	Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.	Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.
100 %Total Weightage