PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper

PICOT Question

The focus of my change proposal was community education on diabetes. Diabetes prevalence in the United States for vulnerable adult populations prompts quick intervention to prevent and manage diabetes and its related complications. Developing a picot question will help identify the real issue behind diabetes prevalence for adult populations and encourage research to identify an effective solution to the problem. The clinical question for this paper will help examine options for managing diabetes and preventing related complications. This paper aims to discuss the PICOT question, in patients with diabetes, does attending educational programs on diets and risk factors enhance self-management and control compared to those who do not listen? PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper

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PICOT Problem and Clinical Issues that Might Arise from Clinical Care

Diabetes Mellitus is a global health problem associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases—the condition results from defects in insulin secretion, action or both. As a result, deficiency in insulin results in chronic hyperglycemia, which affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The most affected populations are adults, especially in vulnerable communities. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2022), approximately 28.7 million individuals of all ages were diagnosed with diabetes. Children and young adolescents below 20 years diagnosed with diabetes were estimated to be 283 000. Adults diagnosed with diabetes type 1 were estimated to be 1.6 million and using insulin. Another approximated 3.1 million US adults were diagnosed with diabetes and started using insulin (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022). Therefore, the healthcare sectors must identify and implement strategies to manage diabetes mellitus in adult populations.

Diabetes is associated with several risk factors, including socioeconomic status, education level, and lifestyle. The trends for diabetes prevalence continue to rise for low-income population groups. This is because they live in poverty. After all, they cannot afford healthy diets essential for preventing and managing diabetes. A report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2022) shows that for adults diagnosed with diabetes, the number was highest for African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians and Latinos. This is because these communities have low-income and live in poverty conditions. Additionally, the population’s education levels are much lower compared to whites, indicating the low socioeconomic status of these minority groups. Therefore, implementations towards the management and prevention of diabetes mellitus should focus on the minority populations as they are more vulnerable to the condition. PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper

The intervention used to Address the Problem

Various interventions can be implemented to help in the management of diabetes. Among the most effective and adequate forms of intervention is public community education. Public education on diabetes is impactful tool prevention and control of diabetes. The education program targeting adult populations provides knowledge on diet patterns and risk factors associated with diabetes (Bellou et al., 2018). As such, individuals can improve on healthy attitudes and behaviors that are important in self-management. Community-based programs create patient awareness regarding diets, healthy behaviors, physical activities and quality of life. Results of research conducted by (Cruz‐Cobo & Santi‐Cano (2020) showed that there were better self-management levels for individuals who attend educational programs than for those who do not attend.

Summary

In summary, diabetes prevalence is a global health issue that must be addressed. The prevalence rate is high for minority groups, and interventions should target these populations. Awareness of diet patterns and risk factors impacts managing and preventing diabetes. For patients with diabetes, education helps prevent complications and aids in self-management, which helps improve patient outcomes.

References

Bellou, V., Belbasis, L., Tzoulaki, I., & Evangelou, E. (2018). Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exposure-wide umbrella review of meta-analyses. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0194127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194127

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes. Retrieved 5 July 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/diagnosed-diabetes.html.

Cruz‐Cobo, C., & Santi‐Cano, M. (2020). Efficacy of Diabetes Education in Adults With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Nursing Scholarship, 52(2), 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12539 PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper

Review your problem or issue and the study materials to formulate a PICOT (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Time) question for your capstone project change proposal. A PICOT question starts with a designated patient population in a particular clinical area and identifies clinical problems or issues that arise from clinical care. The intervention used to address the problem must be a nursing practice intervention. Include a comparison of the nursing intervention to a patient population not currently receiving the nursing intervention, and specify the timeframe needed to implement the change process. Formulate a PICOT question using the PICOT format (provided in the assigned readings) that addresses the clinical nursing problem.

The PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project change proposal.

In a paper of 500-750 words, clearly identify the clinical problem and how it can result in a positive patient outcome.

Step 1: Create PICOT question; A PICOT question is presented and provides a clear framework for the capstone project change proposal. Your PICOT question should clearly outline all of these elements: patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and time PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper.

Step 2: PICOT Problem: Identify the PICOT problem, what clinical problems or issues may arise from clinical care? The PICOT problem as it relates to evidence-based solution, nursing intervention, patent care, health care agency, and nursing practice is thoroughly described.

Step 3: Describe nursing intervention: A nursing intervention used to address the problem. Compare the nursing intervention to a patient population not currently receiving the nursing intervention, and timeframe needed to implement the change process.

Step 4: Summarize Clinical Problem and Patient Outcome: The clinical problem and how it can result in a positive patient outcome.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

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Diabetes Education in the Community

The focus of my change proposal will be Diabetes education in the community. Diabetes education in communities is a process of providing knowledge, skills, and ability to vulnerable groups necessary for diabetes self-care. Community healthcare facilities provide services to vulnerable populations, including patients with diabetes. Therefore, the prompt need to adopt policies that affect the management of diabetes that has a significant implication on clinical practice and patient outcomes (Kelley et al., 2020) PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper. The policies might involve implementing community training programs that educate populations on diabetes management.

The Context in Which Diabetes Education is Observed

Diabetes is highly associated with various risk factors, including low socioeconomic status, age, ethnicity, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Thus, the population that requires education on diabetes is vulnerable to the risk factors. Populations with low socioeconomic status are vulnerable to diabetes because they cannot access healthy diets (Kyrou et al., 2020) PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper. Additionally, ethnic groups such as African Americans, Hispanic, and Latinos are at risk of diabetes as they have low income and thus cannot afford healthy diets (Cheng et al., 2019). Lifestyle behaviors that involve high consumption of processed foods, beverages, and alcohol with reduced physical activities can result in diabetes. Thus, education on diabetes would be most appropriate in populations that live within the settings mentioned above.

Details on the Education Need for Diabetes in Communities

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), approximately 34.2 million people had diabetes in 2018. Among these populations, adults 18 years and older were approximately 2.8% of the total population. Additionally, the black Hispanic population was approximately 5.1% higher than the white population. Diabetes prevalence continues to cause heavy economic burdens to the patient, families, and the nation. More so, the burden is felt by individuals with low income and educational levels than those with high socioeconomic status. This causes disparities when seeking treatment as people with low socioeconomic status may not access quality care (O’Connell & Manson, 2019). Additionally, the local state and federal governments bear the diabetes costs as insurance coverage for diabetes continues to increase. Therefore, education on diabetes in communities will help reduce its prevalence, consequently reducing the economic burden. PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper

Effects of Education on Diabetes in Communities

Diabetes education plays a central role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus, which helps improve health outcomes. Additionally, diabetes education helps increase the number of patients involved in their treatment process. As such, there is increased medication adherence and self-care for diabetes patients and improved outcomes (Lee et al., 2019). Education also helps creates awareness of risk factors associated with diabetes. Therefore, with adequate information, patients can make an informed decision on their diet patterns and physical activities that help prevent diabetes.

Impacts of the Topic on Nursing Practice

There is a significant increase in the number of patients admitted with diabetes in hospitals. At times, the staff members may be less conversant with care for patients with diabetes. As such, education for staff members on diabetes is essential. Staff education provides them with adequate knowledge and skills that boost their confidence when caring for diabetes patients (Piya et al., 2022) PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper. Additionally, the staff is trained on glycaemic control, which significantly impacts patient outcomes.

Solution of how to Educate Communities on Diabetes

Education on diabetes in communities can be provided in various ways. The first is through mobile phones, where patients can access information online on diabetes. This approach is effective with digital error; everyone can easily access information online (Kumah et al., 2021). Secondly, campaigns can promote awareness of risk factors associated with diabetes. The community is educated on measures that prevent the occurrence of diabetes. For patients with diabetes, education can be provided on self-care and management.

References

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States [Ebook] (pp. 2-8). Retrieved 21 June 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf.

Cheng, Y., Kanaya, A., Araneta, M., Saydah, S., Kahn, H., & Gregg, E. et al. (2019). Prevalence of Diabetes by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA, 322(24), 2389. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.19365

Kelley, A., Nocon, R., & O’Brien, M. (2020). Diabetes Management in Community Health Centers: a Review of Policies and Programs. Current Diabetes Reports, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-1289-0 PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper

Kumah, E., Otchere, G., Ankomah, S., Fusheini, A., Kokuro, C., Aduo-Adjei, K., & A. Amankwah, J. (2021). Diabetes self-management education interventions in the WHO African Region: A scoping review. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256123. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256123

Kyrou, I., Tsigos, C., Mavrogianni, C., Cardon, G., Van Stappen, V., & Latomme, J. et al. (2020). Sociodemographic and lifestyle-related risk factors for identifying vulnerable groups for type 2 diabetes: a narrative review with emphasis on data from Europe. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 20(S1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0463-3

Lee, Shin, Kim, & Lee. (2019). Effect of Diabetes Education Through Pattern Management on Self-Care and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(18), 3323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183323

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O’Connell, J., & Manson, S. (2019). Understanding the Economic Costs of Diabetes and Prediabetes and What We May Learn About Reducing the Health and Economic Burden of These Conditions. Diabetes Care, 42(9), 1609-1611. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0017

Piya, M., Fletcher, T., Myint, K., Zarora, R., Yu, D., & Simmons, D. (2022). The impact of nursing staff education on diabetes inpatient glucose management: a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-00975-y PICOT Question Community Diabetes Education Paper