Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes

Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes

Assignment Prompt

This week’s first assignment is STEP 3 – Literature Review and Critical Appraisal.

Provide a title that conveys or describes the assignment.
Literature Review – Provide the key terms used to guide the search for the evidence and provide at least five (5) summaries of research studies to support the evidence.
Critical Appraisal of Literature – Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence, what is known from the evidence, and any gaps in knowledge from the research evidence.
References – Cite a minimum of 7 scholarly peer-reviewed references in APA 7th ed format Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes
Expectations

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Format: Completed paper with references in APA 7th ed. format
Students should read the questions thoroughly to ensure that they address all that is required.

Literature reviews are a vital part of academic research as they provide a comprehensive overview of the field of study and help address research questions (Snyder, 2019). By critically analyzing and synthesizing the latest research, literature reviews can help to identify gaps in knowledge and provide a roadmap for future research. The current study seeks to implement weekly self-management education to improve the outcomes of patients with type 2 DM. The PICOT question is: Among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P), does weekly self-management education (I), compared with routine care (C), resulting in improved self-care, glycemic control, and reduced complications (O) within three months (T)? The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the literature search was done, summaries of research studies that support the evidence of weekly self-management education, and a critical appraisal of the studies Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes.

Literature Review

To identify the best evidence that answers the clinical question a search was made in the following databases – PubMed, CINAHL, and EBSCOhost. The key terms used in guiding the search were patients with diabetes mellitus, weekly self-management education, no weekly self-management education, routine care, self-care, glycemic control, complications, and three months. Thus, the project manager, now the MSN student, in this case, used the terms to search for evidence and streamline the search with the use of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), Boolean connectors to combine searches and limit the results to only articles written in English Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes.

Following the search, five articles that met the criteria mentioned above were chosen to help answer the study question and provide evidence on the implementation of weekly self-management for type 2 DM patients. Based on the research study by Hailu, Moen, and Hjortdahl (2019), it was found that diabetes self-management education (DSME) had a significant effect on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia. The study found that those who received DSME were more likely to have better knowledge about diabetes and its management than those who did not receive DSME. Additionally, the study found that those who received DSME were more likely to be more engaged in their care and treatment plan than those who did not receive DSME. Finally, the study found that DSME was also associated with a significant decrease in the number of diabetes-related complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia. Overall, the study results suggest that DSME is an effective tool for improving diabetes self-management skills and reducing the risk of complications among type 2 diabetes patients Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes.

More studies published in recent years also reveal that DSME interventions are effective in reducing blood sugar levels and improving diabetes self-management behaviors. A systematic review by Mohamed et al. (2019) assessed the effect of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asia. The authors conducted a literature search in electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science. They included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies. The study found that DSME interventions were effective in improving diabetes self-management behaviors, reducing blood sugar levels, and improving diabetes self-management Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes.

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The study by Peimani et al. (2018) sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a peer support intervention in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was a randomized controlled trial that included a total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes. The intervention group received peer support in addition to usual care, while the control group received usual care only. The study measured glycemic control (HbA1c) at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. The study found that the peer support intervention was effective in improving glycemic control over 12 months. The authors found that there was a statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of HbA1c at 12-month follow-up. The study also found that there was a significant decrease in self-reported distress among the intervention group, suggesting that peer support may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes.

The delivery of DSME could occur through weblogs; hence an investigation of the impact is crucial. The study by Rasoul et al. (2019) aimed to investigate the effect of self-management education through weblogs on the quality of life of diabetic patients. A total of 60 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received self-management education through weblogs, while the control group received usual care. The study found that the intervention group had significantly higher quality of life scores than the control group at 3 and 6 months after the intervention. This suggests that self-management education through weblogs can improve the quality of life of diabetic patients.

Outpatient DSME could also be effective in improving patient outcomes. A randomized controlled trial by Zheng et al. (2019) examined the effects of an outpatient diabetes self-management education (DSME) program on patients with type 2 diabetes in China. The study found that the DSME program was associated with improvements in patients’ glycemic control, self-care behaviors, and quality of life Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes.

Critical Appraisal of Literature

The study by Hailu, Moen, and Hjortdahl (2019) examining the effect of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia found that, overall, DSME had a positive effect on knowledge (increased from 43% to 63%), self-care behavior (increased from 30% to 42%), and self-efficacy (increased from 39% to 53%). The study’s strength was that it revealed that DSME has a positive impact on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients. However, there were some limitations to the study. First, it was a qualitative study, which means that it does not allow for causal conclusions to be drawn. Second, the measure of self-care behavior used in this study was self-reported and might not be completely accurate. Overall, based on the evidence from this study, DSME appears to have a positive effect on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the specific effects of DSME on different types of diabetes patients.

Gaps in Knowledge: There is limited evidence on the effects of DSME on type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia, which means that this study is limited in its ability to draw definitive conclusions. Overall, based on the evidence from this study, DSME appears to have a positive effect on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes

The study by Mohamed et al. (2019) found that DSME interventions are effective in reducing blood sugar levels and improving diabetes self-management. However, there is limited evidence from RCTs on the effectiveness of DSME interventions for people with type 2 diabetes. There is also a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of DSME interventions for different target populations, including those with lower incomes or who are less educated. Mohamed et al. (2019) highlight several gaps in knowledge from the research evidence, including the need for more RCTs on the effectiveness of DSME interventions and the need for more research on different target populations. The researchers recommend further research on the effectiveness of DSME interventions for different target populations.

The strengths of the study by Peimani et al. (2018) include its randomized controlled trial that included a total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes; hence providing high-quality evidence. Besides, the researchers measured glycemic control (HbA1c) at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups to compare outcomes over time. The study found that the peer support intervention was effective in improving glycemic control over 12 months. There was a significant decrease in self-reported distress among the intervention group, suggesting that peer support may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The study by Peimani et al. (2018) has several limitations including that it did not measure the quality of life or other subjective outcomes. The study was conducted inpatient population in Iran, which may not be representative of the general population of patients with type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted in a minority language (Farsi), which may limit its generalizability. Besides, the study did not assess whether peer support was effective in reducing medication adherence or weight gain among patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the study provides valuable information about the effectiveness of peer support in reducing depressive symptoms and improving glycemic control. Future research should focus on assessing whether peer support is effective in improving medication adherence and reducing weight gain among patients with type 2 diabetes. Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes

The study by Rasoul et al. (2019) has several strengths. First, it is a well-designed randomized controlled trial with large sample size. Also, the study used objective measures to assess the quality of life of participants, which was important given that subjective measures may be biased. The authors indicated several potential limitations of the study, including the possibility that the intervention may have had other effects on participants’ quality of life that were not measured. First, it is possible that other factors (e.g., socioeconomic status and lifestyle changes) played a role in participants’ quality of life scores and were not accounted for in the study. The researchers did not compare outcomes over time. Thus, it is possible that the effects of self-management education through weblogs were temporary and that participants returned to their previous level of quality of life 6 months after the intervention. Overall, the study by Rasoul et al. (2019) provides strong evidence that self-management education through weblogs can improve the quality of life of diabetic patients. The study provides valuable information that will help improve the quality of life for diabetic patients.

The study by Zheng et al. (2019) has strengths including its randomized controlled trial design and the inclusion of a large number of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the study has several limitations, including its lack of data on patient outcomes other than glycemic control and quality of life and uncertainty about how long the benefits of DSME will last. Overall, this study provides strong evidence that DSME is an effective intervention for improving glycemic control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes in China, which can help to improve patient outcomes. However, more research is needed to better understand the mechanisms behind the improvements seen in this study and to evaluate the long-term sustainability of these benefits. This research is important because it provides evidence that DSME is an effective intervention for improving glycemic control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, which can help to improve patient outcomes.

The review of the literature revealed that DSME is an effective tool for improving diabetes self-management skills and reducing the risk of complications among type 2 diabetes patients. The studies reviewed and critically appraised helped support the evidence on the effectiveness of weekly self-management education in diabetes management. Most studies provided evidence that DSME is associated with better knowledge about diabetes and its management, increased engagement in care and treatment, and a decreased risk of diabetes-related complications. Consequently, DSME may be an effective tool for improving the overall diabetes management skills of type 2 DM patients.

References

Hailu, F. B., Moen, A., & Hjortdahl, P. (2019). Diabetes self-management education (DSME)–Effect on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia: A controlled clinical trial. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity: targets and therapy, 12, 2489. https://www.dovepress.com/diabetes-self-management-education-dsme-effect-on-knowledge-self-care-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSO Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes

Mohamed, A., Staite, E., Ismail, K., & Winkley, K. (2019). A systematic review of diabetes self‐management education interventions for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Asian Western Pacific (AWP) region. Nursing Open, 6(4), 1424-1437. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/nop2.340

Peimani, M., Monjazebi, F., Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi, R., & Nasli-Esfahani, E. (2018). A peer support intervention in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patient education and counseling, 101(3), 460-466. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738399117305621

Rasoul, A. M., Jalali, R., Abdi, A., Salari, N., Rahimi, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2019). The effect of self-management education through weblogs on the quality of life of diabetic patients. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 19(1), 1-12. https://bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12911-019-0941-6

Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, 333-339.

Zheng, F., Liu, S., Liu, Y., & Deng, L. (2019). Effects of an outpatient diabetes self-management education on patients with type 2 diabetes in China: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of diabetes research, 2019. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jdr/2019/1073131/

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PICOT QUESTION/STATEMENT

My EBP change project proposal seeks to develop effective health education to improve outcomes of type 2 diabetes.

Population – adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Intervention – weekly self-management education sessions

Comparison – routine care (review of vital signs, weight, blood glucose, consulting clinician, medication pick up, scheduling of subsequent appointments)

Outcome – glycemic control and reduced complications of type 2 diabetes

Time – three months

The PICOT question is: Among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P), does weekly self-management education (I), compared with routine care (C), result in improved self-care, glycemic control, and reduced complications (O) within three months (T)? Effective Health Education To Improve Outcomes Of Type 2 Diabetes