Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency
Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency
Week 4 Case Study
Afferent and efferent nerve pathways consist of different neuron types making up the sensory and the motor divisions of the peripheral nervous system in that order. A neuron is an electrically excitable cell, serving as the structural and functional unit in the nervous system (Hernandez, 2022)Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency. It consists of a cell body, containing all the organelles of the cell. A nerve fiber extends from the cell body consisting of axons and dendrites. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons while axons transmit signals from the cell body. A nerve consists of numerous axons which work together in parallel.
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Comparison and Contrast between the efferent and afferent nerve pathways
There are some considerable similarities and differences between the afferent and efferent nerve pathways. For instance, both of these nerves are components of the peripheral nervous system, and both their responses help the brain to coordinate sensory stimuli. In addition, both of their neurons consist of a cell body, the dendrons, and the dendrites (Imai & Katagiri, 2022).
Some considerable differences also exist between these two nerve pathways. Also known as sensory neurons, afferent neurons usually carry sensory impulses towards the central nervous system, providing sensory stimulation such as temperature and vision whereas the efferent neurons, also known as the motor neurons transmit impulses away from the central nervous system which is essentially the signals that the brain sends in response to a stimulus. The afferent neuron consists of a shorter axon and has a receptor as compared to an efferent neuron which has a relatively longer axon with no receptor (Lakna, 2017)Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency.
The cell body of an afferent neuron is found in the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord and has no dendrites. The neuron has one long dendron and is unipolar, commonly found in the skin, eyes, ears tongue, and nose. The cell body of an efferent neuron is found in the ventral root ganglion of the spinal cord and consists of dendrites. The neuron has many short dendrons, is multipolar, and is commonly found in muscles and glands.
Nociception
Nociception refers to the process through which communication is provided through the central and peripheral nervous system for a noxious stimulus, which is essentially an actual or potential event that can cause tissue damage (Jankovic et al., 2022)Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency.
Somatogenic pain
Somatogenic pain is also referred to as organic pain. It is a type of pain originating from somatogenic lesions that may result from trauma, infection, or any other external factor. There are two categories of somatogenic pain: nociceptive and neuropathic. Nociceptive pain results from the stimulation of nociceptors, or pain receptors. Neuropathic pain, also called deafferentation pain is a type of pain that results from direct damage to the nervous system.
Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia refers to an increase in pain sensitivity resulting in extreme pain response. It may occur as a result of nerve damage or chemical changes in the nerve pathways responsible for pain perception. An inflammatory process, tissue injury, or drugs such as opioids used to treat chronic pain may be responsible for hyperalgesia.
Mode of action of naloxone
Naloxone hydrochloride is an opioid antagonist. This means that it works against the effects of opioids by having a competitive action for the same receptor sites as opioids. This reverses the effects of opioids such as respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension (CenterWatch, 2022)Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency.
Conclusion
Prolonged use of opioids to relieve pain can render their pain-relieving effects ineffective and can even make the pain become worse. Opioid dependence can also occur, making it difficult for one to live without the drugs. Withdrawal symptoms, just like the one provided in the case study make it difficult to stop taking the medication resulting in addiction. Naloxone is an effective drug that can be used to reverse these effects and treat withdrawal symptoms such as respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency.
References
Hernandez, A. (2022). Afferent Vs. Efferent neurons: What are they, structure, and more. Osmosis from Elsevier. Retrieved: 11th July 2022 from https://www.osmosis.org/answers/afferent-vs-efferent-neurons#:~:text=Afferent%20neurons%20carry%20information%20from,and%20glands%20of%20the%20body.
Imai, J., & Katagiri, H. (2022). Regulation of systemic metabolism by the autonomic nervous system consisting of afferent and efferent innervation. International immunology, 34(2), 67-79.
Lakna. (2017). Difference between afferent and efferent. Retrieved 11th July 2022 from https://pediaa.com/difference-between-afferent-and-efferent/#:~:text=Exterior%20Digitorium%20Reflex-,Similarities%20Between%20Afferent%20and%20Efferent,body%2C%20dendrons%2C%20and%20dendrites.
Jankovic, J., Mazziotta, J. C., Pomeroy, S. L., & Newman, N. J. (Eds.). (2022). Bradley and Daroff’s Neurology in Clinical Practice. Elsevier.
CenterWatch. (2022). Narcan (Naloxone hydrochloride). Retrieved 11th July 2022 from https://www.centerwatch.com/directories/1067-fda-approved-drugs/listing/3867-narcan-naloxone-hydrochloride#:~:text=Mechanism%20of%20Action,depression%2C%20sedation%2C%20and%20hypotension.
MSN570 Week 4 Neurological System Case Studies : Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency
A 28-year-old male presents with opioid dependency. He is not in treatment at the present time and is exhibiting severe withdrawal symptoms. 1. Compare and contrast the efferent and afferent nerve pathways.
2. What is nociception?
3. What is somatogenic pain?
4. What is hyperalgesia?
5. How does Naloxone work?
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Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA from within the last 4 years
Week 4 Case Study
A 28-year-old male presents with opioid dependency. He is not in treatment at the present time and is exhibiting severe withdrawal symptoms.
Compare and contrast the efferent and afferent nerve pathways.
What is nociception?
What is somatogenic pain?
What is hyperalgesia?
How does Naloxone work?
Conclusion Case Study Of Patient With Opioid Dependency