Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the heart beats rapidly and erratically resulting in inadequate blood supply (Zulkifly et al., 2018). In this condition, the atria (upper chambers of the heart) do not beat in coordination with the ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). Damage to the heart’s electrical system is a typical cause of atrial fibrillation. A clot may break out during atrial fibrillation, enter the bloodstream, and lodge in an artery, resulting in a stroke (Zulkifly et al., 2018)Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems. Right ventricular strain is a medical characteristic of right ventricular dysfunction caused by deformation of the right ventricle’s heart muscle. Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic lung illness can all cause right ventricular strain.

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The normal size of the right ventricle is approximately half the size of the left ventricle. When strained, the right ventricle can appear enlarged, sometimes even larger than the left ventricle, and more round than typical (Vonk Noordegraaf et al., 2019). While pericardial disorders affect the right ventricle preload and ventricular interdependence, arrhythmia worsens the right ventricle dysfunction. When more than 50% of the pulmonary vasculature is occluded by thrombotic debris, there is an increase in pulmonary pressure. This is due to the fact that the pulmonary distension and the recruitment of new pulmonary capillaries lower vascular resistance and compensate for circulatory alterations (Vonk Noordegraaf et al., 2019)Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems. The unconditioned right ventricle overcomes a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of up to 40 mmHg when thrombotic blockage extends to more than 50% of the lung arteries, resulting in pressure rise. A greater afterload causes obstructive shock and acute right ventricle failure (Arrigo et al., 2019). In the case of the patient, the low cardiac output in reference to dilation and strain in the right ventricle leads to T wave inversions in the anterior leads as shown in the EKG results. In reference to ethnicity, Blacks have lower right ventricle mass than whites, a characteristic that increases the risk of right ventricle hypertrophy and right ventricle dysfunction (Sumin et al., 2022)Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems.

References

Arrigo, M., Huber, L. C., Winnik, S., Mikulicic, F., Guidetti, F., Frank, M., Flammer, A. J., & Ruschitzka, F. (2019). Right ventricular failure: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Cardiac Failure Review, 5(3), 140-146. https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2019.15.2

Sumin, A. N., Gomozova, N. S., Shcheglova, A. V., & Arkhipov, O. G. (2022). Ethnic differences in right ventricular structure and function in urbanized hypertensive patients in the Gornaya Shoriya region. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1245094/v1 Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Chin, K. M., Haddad, F., Hassoun, P., Hemnes, A. R., Hopkins, S. R., Kawut, S., Langleben, D., Lumens, J., & Naeije, R. (2019). Pathophysiology of the right ventricle and of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary hypertension: An update. European Respiratory Journal, 53(1), 1801900. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01900-2018

Zulkifly, H., Lip, G. Y., & Lane, D. A. (2018). Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation. The International Journal of Clinical Practice, 72, e13070. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13070

An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact.

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Scenario 2: A 65-year-old patient is 8 days post op after a total knee replacement. Patient suddenly complains of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and palpitations. On arrival to the emergency department, an EKG revealed new onset atrial fibrillation and right ventricular strain pattern – T wave inversions in the right precordial leads (V1-4) ± the inferior leads (II, III, aVF)

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In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient. Case Study For The Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems