Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems
Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems
Module 2 Assignment
Case Study
An 11-year-old boy complains of wheezing and difficulty in getting enough air. He notices it more when playing baseball, and symptoms improve when exercise activity stops. He states that the symptoms are getting worse, and the symptoms are getting worse even at rest. The mother reports that he is allergic to cat dander, and his next-door neighbor in their apartment recently began sheltering cats for the local humane society. On auscultation, he has an expiratory wheeze throughout all lung fields Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems.
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Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes
In the case study above, the most likely diagnosis is congestive heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease. Pulmonary conditions with recurrent symptoms often lead to diminished lung function, which persists into adulthood. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory illness involving the airways characterized by repeated episodes of airflow obstruction leading to bronchospasm, edema, and increased mucous production. It is also associated with eczema and seasonal allergies.
Pathophysiologic processes of asthma involve the infiltration of inflammatory cells that includes; eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the airway, activating the mast cells and leading to damage of the epithelial cells. These inflammatory processes lead to high levels mucus production, airway edema, and bronchial muscle dysfunction, which cause limitation of airway flow and asthma symptoms (Sinyor & Livasky Concepcion Perez, 2022)Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems. Persistent changes in the airflow structure are referred to as remodeling, which eventually leads to fibrosis, epithelial cell injury, mucous hypersecretion, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and angiogenesis commonly seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Research studies have shown that airway remodeling often occurs if the inflammatory processes are not well controlled.
Diseases affecting pulmonary function, such as asthma, lead to cardiac failure. Clinical research has shown that having a history of asthma increases the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, whereby the left chamber of the heart, which pumps blood to the systemic circulation, is thickened and enlarges due to the reduced oxygen levels; thus, will try to compensate to meet the body’s need(A; Brito, 2022). Right-sided heart failure, also known as cor-pulmonale, is as a result of alteration of structure ( dilatation) and function of the heart’s right ventricle secondary to a primary disorder of the respiratory system leading to pulmonary hypertension. COPD is the most common cause of cor-pulmonale. The symptoms include; worsening exertional dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and ankle swelling(A; Brito, 2022)Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems. It is always important to remember that worsening symptoms of chronic lung disease may be brought about by cor- pulmonale.
Racial Variables that Impact Physiologic Functioning
Studies have shown that asthma is prevalent in African Americas compared to other populations. According to Dharmage et al. (2019), African American s are five times more likely to visit the emergency room for symptoms. Some of the reasons include; the physical environment and socioeconomic status. Several theories have suggested that poor living conditions increase the exposure to various asthma triggers such as air pollution and mold, thus increasing the likelihood of asthma. Also, low birth weight is common in African American children, making them prone to developing asthma in childhood. The interaction of both genetic and environmental factors increases the chances of asthma. Poorly controlled asthma eventually leads to cardiovascular complications.
References
A; Brito, M. (2022, May 5). Congestive Heart Failure. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28613623/
Dharmage, S. C., Perret, J. L., & Custovic, A. (2019). Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00246
Sinyor, B., & Livasky Concepcion Perez. (2022, May 8). Pathophysiology Of Asthma. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551579/ Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems
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Module 2 Assignment
Case Study
An 11-year-old boy complains of wheezing and difficulty in getting enough air. He notices it more when playing baseball, and symptoms improve when exercise activity stops. He states that the symptoms are getting worse, and the symptoms are getting worse even at rest. The mother reports that he is allergic to cat dander, and his next-door neighbor in their apartment recently began sheltering cats for the local humane society. On auscultation, he has an expiratory wheeze throughout all lung fields.
Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Pathophysiologic Processes
In the case study above, the most likely diagnosis is congestive heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease. Pulmonary conditions with recurrent symptoms often lead to diminished lung function, which persists into adulthood. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory illness involving the airways characterized by repeated episodes of airflow obstruction leading to bronchospasm, edema, and increased mucous production. It is also associated with eczema and seasonal allergies. Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems
Pathophysiologic processes of asthma involve the infiltration of inflammatory cells that includes; eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the airway, activating the mast cells and leading to damage of the epithelial cells. These inflammatory processes lead to high levels mucus production, airway edema, and bronchial muscle dysfunction, which cause limitation of airway flow and asthma symptoms (Sinyor & Livasky Concepcion Perez, 2022)Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems. Persistent changes in the airflow structure are referred to as remodeling, which eventually leads to fibrosis, epithelial cell injury, mucous hypersecretion, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and angiogenesis commonly seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Research studies have shown that airway remodeling often occurs if the inflammatory processes are not well controlled.
Diseases affecting pulmonary function, such as asthma, lead to cardiac failure. Clinical research has shown that having a history of asthma increases the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, whereby the left chamber of the heart, which pumps blood to the systemic circulation, is thickened and enlarges due to the reduced oxygen levels; thus, will try to compensate to meet the body’s need(A; Brito, 2022)Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems. Right-sided heart failure, also known as cor-pulmonale, is as a result of alteration of structure ( dilatation) and function of the heart’s right ventricle secondary to a primary disorder of the respiratory system leading to pulmonary hypertension. COPD is the most common cause of cor-pulmonale. The symptoms include; worsening exertional dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and ankle swelling(A; Brito, 2022). It is always important to remember that worsening symptoms of chronic lung disease may be brought about by cor- pulmonale.
Racial Variables that Impact Physiologic Functioning
Studies have shown that asthma is prevalent in African Americas compared to other populations. According to Dharmage et al. (2019), African American s are five times more likely to visit the emergency room for symptoms. Some of the reasons include; the physical environment and socioeconomic status. Several theories have suggested that poor living conditions increase the exposure to various asthma triggers such as air pollution and mold, thus increasing the likelihood of asthma. Also, low birth weight is common in African American children, making them prone to developing asthma in childhood. The interaction of both genetic and environmental factors increases the chances of asthma. Poorly controlled asthma eventually leads to cardiovascular complications. Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems
References
A; Brito, M. (2022, May 5). Congestive Heart Failure. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28613623/
Dharmage, S. C., Perret, J. L., & Custovic, A. (2019). Epidemiology of Asthma in Children and Adults. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00246
Sinyor, B., & Livasky Concepcion Perez. (2022, May 8). Pathophysiology Of Asthma. Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551579/
Module 2 Assignment: Case Study Analysis
An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.
Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact Case Study Analysis For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems.
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An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.
In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.
To prepare:
By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study scenario for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements†section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)
In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following
The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
How these processes interact to affect the patient.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria.
By Day 7 of Week 4
Submit your Case Study Analysis Assignment by Day 7 of Week 4
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ASSIGNED CASE STUDY: An 11-year-old boy complains of wheezing and difficulty “getting enough air.†He notices it more when he is playing baseball, and symptoms improve when exercise activity stops. He says that the symptoms are getting worse and the symptoms are even occurring at rest. The mother says the child is allergic to cat dander, and his next-door neighbor in their apartment building recently began sheltering cats for the local humane society. Auscultation demonstrates wheezes on forced expiration throughout all lung fields.
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