Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion
Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion
Introduction
Despite the decrease in tobacco prevalence in the past years, tobacco smoking is a major health hazard causing preventable ill-health globally and premature deaths. There are several negative health consequences of tobacco smoking including the mental and physical problems associated with tobacco use among students. Several smokers usually acknowledge the harm caused by tobacco smoking but are addicted and unable to quit smoking or may be reluctant due to ignorance. The paper serves to describe health promotion messages from the poster on tobacco cessation, particularly a critique of the poster, the aims of tobacco smoking, critically appraised theoretical frameworks and concepts on the topic, collaborative teams, and evaluation.
Tobacco Smoking as a Public Health Issue
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Tobacco smoking is among the leading contributors to preventable illnesses, disabilities, and deaths in the world. The smoking of cigarettes harms almost all body organs and has been associated with lung disease, multiple cancers, and heart disease, among other illnesses. Additionally, cigarette smoking among pregnant mothers has been attributed to fetal anomalies. Other than the adverse health effects on individuals and the population level, cigarette smoking has imposed a huge financial burden on societies and the United Kingdom in general. In the United Kingdom, about 80, 000 people die yearly from smoking, and several live with debilitating smoking-related diseases (Gilbody et al., 2019)Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion. The abuse of cigarettes has resulted in over 3 billion pounds loss in productivity cost and over 2 billion pounds used to directly gather for medical expenditure (Kalkhoran, Benowitz, & Rigotti, 2018). The fatalities associated with tobacco smoking are about 8 million individuals yearly with about 7 million cases attributed to direct use of tobacco and the rest are non-smokers who are exposed to smoke.
Currently, about 14% of people aged above 18 years smoke a cigarette in the UK translating to about 7 million individuals (Hammond et al., 2019). The use of smokeless pipes, cigars, and tobacco has deadly consequences such as cancer to users. However, tobacco smoking is not limited to users as passive smokers experience serious health effects such as asthma attacks, cancer, respiratory illness, heart disease, and stroke. Passive smokers are estimated to be about 58 million individuals globally as 2 in every 5 children are exposed to second-hand smoke.
Health Promotion Resource on Tobacco Smoking Cessation
Primary prevention is a suitable measure to reduce tobacco use and related health consequences as the number of users significantly decreases leading to lower rates of tobacco-related illnesses. The effective population-based interventions for primary prevention of tobacco are increasing tobacco prices, adopting high-impact mass media anti-tobacco campaigns, cessation access, and using comprehensive anti-smoking policies. The health promotion strategies should be implemented and enforced at the individual level and in comprehensive cigarette smoking control efforts and prevention programs (Kalkhoran, Benowitz, & Rigotti, 2018). The primary prevention strategies are essential in reducing the initiation of smoking and use by youth and adults. These programs entail coordinated approaches to population-based measures to sensitize individuals against tobacco use and educate users on quitting (Rodrigues et al., 2022)Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion. Also, the measures focus on eliminating the exposure rates to secondhand tobacco smoke to minimize the exposure risk. The identification and elimination of disparities related to tobacco use among diverse population groups are beneficial to lower rates of smoking. The combination of programs and integration of several evidence-based approaches such as regulatory, educational, social, and economic strategies at the national and local levels is useful to prevent tobacco smoking.
Aims and Objectives of the Poster
The poster on cigarette smoking cessation aims to boost information dissemination on approaches to avoiding tobacco smoking and the adoption of strategies to prevent tobacco abuse. The poster aims to provide easier and cheaper ways of accessing behavior therapies and treatments for high-risk populations in the UK. The health promotion mechanism will increase the effectiveness and visibility of continuous medical education to increase rates of tobacco cessation among the youth and elderly population (Jackson et al., 2021). The programs and policies on primary prevention of tobacco smoking such as mass campaigns and heavy taxation are essential to provide the framework for avoiding tobacco use. The smart goals of the poster are to reduce the prevalence of tobacco, improve capacity for cessation, increase awareness of the health consequences of tobacco use, and set up a culture for continued medical education on smoking avoidance.
The Theoretical Concepts and Frameworks
Health education that aims at creating awareness is the appropriate intervention for health promotion against cigarette smoking. The health educators will assess, ask, advise, assist, and perform follow-ups among target individuals to motivate them against smoking. The approach is appropriate compared to treatments since the likelihood of relapse significantly decreases. The use of the behavioral model is a suitable theoretical framework as it incorporates suitable approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy to assist participants in identifying the triggers for smoking such as places, people, and objects. Triggers are the things that spur the desire to smoke tobacco. After they have identified, the therapist will teach them how to prevent relapse such as the relaxation technique and coping strategies so that they can avoid smoking when they are under stress. However, the theory requires intrinsic motivation as individuals who are pushed may fail to follow through the entire process. The approach is advantageous since counselors will take patients through the process that aims to help them resolve their ambivalence about ceasing to smoke and create the motivation for them to make healthy changes to their lifestyle (Hammond et al., 2019). Therefore, the approach is patient-focused and has not confrontational thus enabling patients to adjust easily. Additionally, the patient will learn to improve the awareness and thus detachment from cravings, sensations, and thoughts of smoking easily to prevent relapse.
Health Promotion Message
The major evidence-based strategies that can be incorporated into the poster for health promotion are mass campaigns, increases in prices of tobacco products, comprehensive policies, and the adoption of smoke cessation strategies. The use of mass campaigns fosters health communication among diverse target populations including different cultures, ages, gender, and race in different settings. The media formats used should be multiple media such as graphic images that are focused on changing the beliefs, knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of tobacco users to offer individuals using tobacco information on avoiding or quitting tobacco use (Kalkhoran, Benowitz, & Rigotti, 2018)Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion. Another approach is increasing the prices of tobacco products is essential to reduce the number of tobacco users thus decreasing the amount of abused tobacco to prevent youth from commencing tobacco use. Adopting comprehensive policies for a smoke-free populace by prohibiting all indoor smoking, especially in public places and workplaces such as bars and restaurants is essential to minimize involuntary exposure to smoke for second-hand smokers (Rodrigues et al., 2022). Also, cessation access measures such as insurance coverage for cigarette cessation treatment, tobacco screening, and routine checkups may be cost-effective preventive measures. The use of the above strategies helps prevent engagement in cigarette smoking which may pose a health risk to susceptible populations.
Collaborative Team
The widespread tobacco abuse requires the use of multi-disciplinary teams and community support for success in the efforts to promote tobacco cessation. The capacity and network building are essential for beneficial outcomes to be realized in the prevention program. The community partners that should be involved during awareness creation on the health impact of cigarette smoking and ways of avoiding smoking are parents, school heads, and political leadership. The use of volunteer professionals and technical experts are key stakeholders in the development, delivery, and receipt of posters on the health promotion program to reduce the cost associated with the campaign (Hammond et al., 2019). The media will be used to disseminate information hence an opportunity for widespread information to the target population. However, the challenge that may be imminent is the involvement of all stakeholders in the planning process as holding stakeholder meetings may be difficult. Other relevant stakeholders to be involved in the health promotion program are healthcare leaders, policymakers, and private partners who will be tasked with formulating policies and creating awareness of tobacco cessation at the organizational level.
Evaluation
The measurement of program effectiveness will be based on summative and formative strategies that are common evaluation tools in the framework of usability test designs. The healthcare experts in disease will review data from computers, touch-screen monitors, and other medical data to determine the completeness of formative strategies in the program and test the general responsiveness of individuals to smoking cessation therapies and treatments. The use of interactive computer software by trained research personnel will be essential for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the SMART goals in the health promotion program. The evaluation program will be essential to determine the effectiveness of smoke cessation interventions among the target population to guide further strategies for improvement or continued care. The evaluation method used in the program is the cognitive behaviors through specific behavioral indicators. The decision balance scale based on a five-point Likert Scale will help assess the resultant decision-making of participants about smoking (Jackson et al., 2021)Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion. Lastly, the POC-SF five–point Likert Scale will help assess the cognitive process associated with smoking cessation. It has experimental and behavioral subscales.
Conclusion
Smoking has numerous health risks such as the risk of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and others that will be specified during awareness sessions within the suburb. The promotion program targets youths because they are the most affected by the allure of smoking as some form of lifestyle activity. The youth and elderly individuals in schools, recreational places, and workplaces should be at the center of focus as the majority of individuals can be reached out to quit or avoid tobacco use (Gilbody et al., 2019). The desired outcomes include a reduced number of youths that are tobacco dependent, a reduced number of new addicts, and increased awareness about the effects of tobacco smoking on health and the quality of life. At the end of the program, each health care facility should have permanent structures that implement continued medical education.
References
Kalkhoran, S., Benowitz, N. L., & Rigotti, N. A. (2018). Prevention and treatment of tobacco use: JACC health promotion series. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(9), 1030-1045.
Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., Shahab, L., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021). COVID-19, smoking, and inequalities: a study of 53 002 adults in the UK. Tobacco control, 30(e2), e111-e121.
Rodrigues, A. M., Wearn, A., Haste, A., Mallion, V., Evison, M., Howle, F., & Haighton, C. (2022). Understanding the implementation strategy of a secondary care tobacco addiction treatment pathway (The CURE Project) in England: a strategic behavioural analysis. BMJ open, 12(6), e054739.
Hammond, D., Reid, J. L., Rynard, V. L., Fong, G. T., Cummings, K. M., McNeill, A., … & White, C. M. (2019)Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion. Prevalence of vaping and smoking among adolescents in Canada, England, and the United States: repeat national cross sectional surveys. bmj, 365.
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Gilbody, S., Peckham, E., Bailey, D., Arundel, C., Heron, P., Crosland, S., … & Vickers, C. (2019). Smoking cessation for people with severe mental illness (SCIMITAR+): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(5), 379-390 Health Promotion on Tobacco Smoking Discussion