The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper

The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper

Write an essay addressing each of the following points/questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions for each bullet point. There should be three main sections, one for each bullet below. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which bullet you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least two (2) sources using citations in your essay. Make sure to cite using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page in correct APA do not count towards the minimum word amount. Review the rubric criteria for this assignment. Include an introduction and a conclusion The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper.

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Part 1: Describe why ethical safeguards designed for clinical research may not be feasible or appropriate for evidence-based practice or evidence-based practice implementation projects.

Part 2: Review the sectioned headed, Two Ethical Exemplars in Chapter 22 of the textbook (Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt, 2015, pages 518-519). Discuss three main ethical controversies related to implementing Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) Initiatives. Describe how these controversies relate to the four core ethical principles.

Part 3: Identify which ethical principles may be in conflict with the concept of “patients having an ethical responsibility in improving healthcare.” Discuss how these conflicts may be resolved.

Description of why ethical safeguards designed for clinical research are not appropriate for evidence-based practice implementation projects.

The ethical safeguards created for medical research have significant impacts on patient treatment, data collection, and critical decision-making processes. That makes them inappropriate for evidence-based practice projects. For instance, ethical safeguards structured for medical studies limit the utilization and gathering of information based on human subjects (Doody & Noonan, 2016). On the other hand, evidence-based practice ensures a study produces the most appropriate evidence regardless of the information source. In essence, researchers should function within the boundaries of ethical safeguards structured for clinical studies. In contrast, evidence-based practice ensures researchers access and utilize the best evidence during healthcare and critical decision-making processes. Thus, the safeguards established for clinical research should not interfere with the process of identifying the most appropriate evidence (Doody & Noonan, 2016)The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper. Notably, one cannot implement the two practices simultaneously because of their contrasting principles; a researcher cannot identify the best evidence while maneuvering around ethical standards. In other words, the researcher must violate one to implement the other.

Evidence-based practices include human subjects, case studies, and onsite assessments to collect adequate and correct data regarding the subject matter. Additionally, evidence-based practices involve reviewing a patient’s clinical history to ensure there is sufficient evidence for the investigation. Conversely, ethical safeguards established for clinical studies limit the researchers from using human subjects while restricting the information they can access or utilize for their investigations (Doody & Noonan, 2016)The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper. For instance, the researcher may access private and confidential patient information which they cannot use for their projects regardless of its relevance. The ethical safeguards also restrict people who can access certain information while emphasizing the significance of acquiring consent during clinical studies (Doody & Noonan, 2016). They also interfere with crucial processes during evidence-based practice such as interviews, data implementation and assessment, and information appraisal.

Discussion of the three main ethical controversies related to implementing Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) Initiatives

Researchers implement evidence-based quality improvement programs to ensure the proposed evidence-based practices advance healthcare services within an organization. However, these initiatives trigger controversies connected to the four primary principles including justice, non-maleficence, autonomy, and beneficence (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). First, these initiatives incur extra costs and a burden to research participants while creating potential dangers for patients. That interferes with the autonomy principle since some future patients may refuse to take part in improvement programs (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). This controversy is associated with the beneficence and non-maleficence principles because it promotes patient empowerment and functions by avoiding potential harm. Lastly, the controversy correlates with the justice principle because it encourages fairness when implementing evidence-based quality improvement initiatives.

The second controversy is linked to impartiality when collecting informed consent; it is one of the crucial issues surrounding ethical safeguards for structured medical research. Although ethical safeguards are essential, they limit data collection processes hindering research procedures and evidence-based practices (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015)The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper. Failure to acquire informed consent violates the patient’s autonomy; participants have the right to decide the information to convey during studies. Additionally, the controversy violates the beneficence principle, the ethical obligation to benefit others, particularly if the project hurts patients. Medical ethics require healthcare professionals to avoid harming patients and acting on their behalf (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). The controversy also violates the non-maleficence principle if patient participation causes them harm or concealing certain information hurts them. Moreover, harming patients without their prior understanding is a form of social injustice against them.

The other controversy relates to distributing and using research resources and implementing evidence-based practices that could cause labor, resources, and time wastage. Researchers could waste resources while implementing evidence-based quality improvement initiatives (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). That violates the justice principle because resource distribution in one area could be advantageous over other research areas. Justice requires equal resource allocation and fair patient treatment. Hospitals should implement precise appraisal processes to justify every activity which ensures adequate resources are utilized as needed. Consequently, hospitals will avoid resource wastage when providing patient care. This controversy relates to maleficence and non-maleficence principles because its goal is to ensure equal resource distribution and utilization while reducing wastage in one study area and leaving other fields deprived.

Identification of the ethical principles conflicting with the concept of patients having an ethical responsibility in improving healthcare

Ethical principles are crucial for nurses to establish social justice, patient welfare, and protection of the vulnerable. According to nursing ethics, nurses should work to prevent illnesses while providing care to alleviate suffering, protect, promote, and restore health in patients (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2015). Nurses should emphasize nursing ethical norms and ideals and embrace self-reflection, distinction, and endurance. Healthcare organizations can implement various approaches to address current experiences by adopting nursing ethical theories including cultivating virtues, feminist, social ethics, and humanist theories (Stanak, 2019)The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper. Ethical principles like patient-nurse relationships, human dignity, and the nature of illness influence the idea of patients exhibiting ethical responsibilities. Respecting human dignity underlies all nursing practices associated with patients’ rights and dignity. These ethical principles require nurses to sustain and consider everyone’s values and requirements within the nursing profession.

These principles and values create conflict between patients and nurses because the latter might pressure the former to satisfy their demands. The patient-nurse relationship can also be a controversial ethical principle requiring universal healthcare transcending personal differences during healthcare delivery. Nurses should provide patient care without bias or prejudice and establish positive relationships with clients (Stanak, 2019). Conflict arises when a patient feels the nurses are obligated to treat them regardless of the prevailing circumstances. The nature of a patient’s health status is another crucial ethical principle that respects patients’ rights, dignity, and values regardless of their health conditions. This principle creates conflict when patients demand nursing services without considering the nurses’ conditions or prevalent circumstances. Thus, these ethical principles can conflict with patients’ roles in healthcare delivery.

Discussion of how these conflicts may be resolved

Healthcare organizations can implement various methods to solve these ethical conflicts. For instance, they can a positive atmosphere where nurses can express their challenges and work experiences. The administration should support and empower nurses to solve their work-related problems, which would reduce ethical principles-linked conflicts. Healthcare facilities should also provide ethical experts to advise nurses and patients regarding ethical principles and proper conflict management practices. Other conflict resolution approaches include providing ethics articles and journals to patients and nurses to educate them about ethical principles and their significance in healthcare delivery The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper.

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 References

Doody, O., & Noonan, M. (2016). Nursing research ethics, guidance and application in practice. British Journal of Nursing, 25(14), 803-807.

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2015). Box 1.3: Rating system for the hierarchy of evidence for intervention/treatment questions. Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice, 11.

Stanak, M. (2019). Professional ethics: the case of neonatology. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 22(2), 231-238 The Ethics And Evidence-Based Research Paper