Pathophysiological Problems Associated With Obstructed Sleep Apnea Discussion

Pathophysiological Problems Associated With Obstructed Sleep Apnea Discussion

1. Clinicians have developed an appreciation for obstructive sleep apnea. Explain the pathophysiological problems a patient could experience associated with obstructed sleep apnea (OSA).

2. Multiple conditions lead to pulmonary embolus. Articulate the development and associated conditions during pregnancy which lead to pulmonary embolus.

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Sleep apnea is associated with both anatomical and non atomical risk factors which interfere with air flow in the upper airways. Muscles in the neck region partially loose their tonic activity when one is sleeping leading to dynamic collapse during respiration. The reduced tonic activity leads to an increase in the resistance of the airflow which can result in poor oxygenation and a disrupted sleep pattern. Overtime, these activities leads to effects to the cardiopulmonary function and neurological functions (Cumpston E, 2021). It is also associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, depression, diabetes and sleep related accidents.

Development and Associated Conditions Which Leads to Pulmonary Embolus.

WHO reports that 15% of reported maternal mortality deaths is secondary to complications of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The various physiological changes that occurs in pregnancy i.e. increase in the procoagulation factors, increased blood volume distention of blood vessels and injury to the vessels due to the chemicals circulating in the mothers’ body predisposes them to VTE. Preexisting thrombophilia’s, obesity, previous VTEs and immobility increases one’s chances of developing this condition. A thrombus in pregnancies mostly start up in the pelvis as opposed to deep veins of the lower extremities. It dislodges and travels up to the lungs and lodges in the arteries impairing blood flow.

In summary, pregnancy is a risk factor for development of pulmonary embolism and pregnant women should be highly monitored to avoid deaths. Sleep apnea on the other hand can be supportively managed e.g. by weight loss and applying positive airway pressure.

References.

Cumpston E, Chen P. Sleep Apnea Syndrome. [Updated 2021 Dec 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564431/

Vyas V, Goyal A. Acute Pulmonary Embolism. [Updated 2022 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560551/

Sleep apnea mostly affects more men as compared to women in the United States of America and presents with excessive sleepiness. Pulmonary embolus is as a result of disruption of blood flow in the pulmonary artery. According (Vyas V, 2022)Most of pulmonary embolisms arise from deep veins of the lower limbs and can be described by the Virchow’s triangle that contains hypercoagubility, venous stasis and injury to the endothelium.

Pathophysiological Problems Associated with Obstructed Sleep Apnea.

Sleep apnea is associated with factors that interfere with air flow in the upper airways. Muscles in the neck region partially loose their tonic activity when one is sleeping leading to dynamic collapse during respiration. The reduced tonic activity leads to an increase in the resistance of the airflow which can result in poor oxygenation and a disrupted sleep pattern. Overtime, these activities leads to effects to the cardiopulmonary function and neurological functions (Cumpston E, 2021).

Development and Associated Conditions Which Leads to Pulmonary Embolus.

References.

Discussion Forum Sample

Discussion questions in NUR-631 are presented with a range of options.

Read the questions carefully and follow directions regarding whether to select one, two or answer multiple questions for the response. Present responses using the sample format provided below and include at least two citations from peer-reviewed journals published within the last 5 years or from the textbooks. References must be in proper APA format. A substantive responses must be at least 150 words in length and pertain to the topic as it relates to pathophysiology.

Sample DQ

Select one of the following discussion questions for your discussion response.

What did Mark Twain mean when he said, “the difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug”? Demonstrate your answer by providing an example from your own life when “almost the right word” created confusion, misunderstanding, or adversity.
How can knowing your fellow students and fostering a sense of community benefit your educational experience?
Part of effective communication involves knowing how to respond rather than react to something someone has said or written. In the online classroom format, why is it important to read a classmate’s post and assess that person’s intended message before you offer a response? How can this skill of responding help you in your career?

Sample Student DQ Response Format

What did Mark Twain mean when he said, “the difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug”? Demonstrate your answer by providing an example from your own life when “almost the right word” created confusion, misunderstanding, or adversity. Pathophysiological Problems Associated With Obstructed Sleep Apnea Discussion

It is very important to use the right words when communicating. If you do not select your words carefully you can end up not getting your point across or miss a great opportunity. Using the right word makes sure you are understood correctly. If you are not careful about the words you use, it is easier for people to misinterpret them. This can have a negative impact in the medical field, as miscommunication affects “patients’ quality of care, health outcomes, adherence to treatment and satisfaction” and is also cited as the “most common reason for patient medical complaints” (Morgan, 2013, p. 123)Pathophysiological Problems Associated With Obstructed Sleep Apnea Discussion.

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I have experienced what the difference between the “right word” and the “almost right word” can do. A couple years ago I was having a tough time. I was really busy with a lot of different things and my family could tell it was wearing me down. One day my daughter came up and handed me a picture she drew of the two of us. I was in the middle of something and just took it and said, “Oh, that’s nice, thanks.” Later, I could see she was sad. I felt terrible and thought about how much work she put into the picture for me, and how she was trying so hard to make me happy. I used almost the right words, but not the right words. We both felt much better after I took the time to express how I really felt.

Reference:

Morgan, S. (2013). Miscommunication between patients and general practitioners: Implications
for clinical practice. Journal of Primary Health Care, 5(2), 123-128 Pathophysiological Problems Associated With Obstructed Sleep Apnea Discussion