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Pharmacotherapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assignment

Pharmacotherapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assignment

Discussion

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a variety of things. GAD has become the most common anxiety disorder, necessitating effective treatment using anxiolytic medications. Nonetheless, the treatment of GAD patients using anxiolytic medications is influenced by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Pharmacotherapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assignment

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People presented with GAD symptoms can be treated using various drug classes, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRIs), and benzodiazepines (Strawn et al., 2018). Pharmacodynamics of SSRIs makes them useful in treating anxiety disorders. They increasing serotonin levels in the brain by hindering reabsorption of serotonin into neurons. Highly concentrated serotonin then enhance the transmission of signals between brain nerve cells. On the other hand, pharmacokinetics of SSRIs involves an extensive metabolism, which varies highly among individual variability, depending on the level of ytochrome P450 (CYP) in person’s circulation system. Thus, blood concentrations varies significantly between individuals (Ansara, 2020). Secondly, use of SNRIs in treating anxiety disorder is associated with their pharmacodynamics. SNRIs primarily act upon serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons. The inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, enhancing remission of the presented symptoms and reducing the risk of relapse. Pharmacokinetics of SRNIs is associated with variation in onset, peak, and duration of action, depending on the formulation. Lastly, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of benzodiazepines (BZDs) makes them preferable in treating anxiety disorders. These drugs contain weak acid, allowing them to passage through membranes rapidly (Tibrewal et al., 2021)Pharmacotherapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assignment. On the other hand, pharmacodynamics of BZDs involves modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor, which initiates inhibitory effect on neurons, reducing their excitability. Additionally, GABA has a sedative impact on the brain.

References

Strawn, J. R., Geracioti, L., Rajdev, N., Clemenza, K., & Levine, A. (2018). Pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder in adult and pediatric patients: an evidence-based treatment review. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 19(10), 1057-1070.

Ansara, E. D. (2020). Management of treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder. Mental Health Clinician, 10(6), 326-334.

Tibrewal, P., Looi, J. C., Allison, S., & Bastiampillai, T. (2021). Benzodiazepines for the long-term treatment of anxiety disorders? The Lancet, 398(10295), 119-120. Pharmacotherapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assignment

To Prepare

  • Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
  • Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
  • Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history with GAD.

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Post a discussion of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics related to anxiolytic medications used to treat GAD. In your discussion, utilizing the discussion highlights, compare and contrast different treatment options that can be used.

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Lehne’s Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice Nurses and Physician Assistants

Jacqueline Burchum, Laura Rosen Pharmacotherapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assignment