Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment
Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment
Develop an 8- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you:
Describe the history and evolution of databases. Address each of the following:
Flat files
Early data management systems
Relational database systems
NoSQL
Compare open source database systems to commercial database systems.
Analyze the benefits and challenges of open source database systems and commercial database systems. Be specific and provide examples.
Analyze the use of databases as the foundation for health-related information systems. Be specific and provide examples.
Provide references in APA style at the end of your presentation—the reference slide or slides do not count toward your assignment total.
Safadi, H., Chan, D., Dawes, M., Roper, M., & Faraj, S. (2015). Open-source health information technology: A case study of electronic medical records Links to an external site.. Health Policy and Technology, 4(1), 14–28. Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment
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A database is an organized collection of structured data or information electronically stored in a computer system. Typically, a database is controlled by a database management system (DBMS). The DBMS, data, and associated applications make up the database system. The DBMS is a comprehensive database software program that acts as an interface between the database and end-users or programs, allowing the users to update, retrieve, and manage how the data is optimized and organized. In addition, the DBMS facilitates control and oversight of the database, enabling administrative operations like monitoring, tuning, backup, and recovery. The database software is used to create, edit, and maintain the database records and files, enabling easier record and file creation, data entry, editing, updating, and reporting. Besides that, the software handles security, multiple-access control, storage, and backup. The software simplifies data management by enabling users to store and access data in a structured format. The data is modeled in columns and rows to create a series of tables that make data querying and processing efficient. Using a database ensures the data is easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized (Patni et al., 2022)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
Databases, first presented in the early 1960s, have dramatically evolved over time. The original databases were hierarchical and network databases intended to store and manipulate data. The hierarchical databases presented a tree-like model that looked at relationships between objects, looking at how one object is related to many other objects. The network databases, a more flexible version of the hierarchical databases, allowed for multiple relationships between objects. In the 1980s, relational databases became popular as they organized data in tables with rows and columns to provide a more flexible and efficient way of accessing structured information. This was followed by the objective-oriented databases that became popular in the 1990s as they presented data as objects by applying object-oriented programming. The growth of the internet and the need for faster speed and processing of unstructured data gave rise to NoSQL (nonrelational) databases that allow semistructured and unstructured data to be stored and manipulated. This is in contrast to relational databases that can only store and process structured data. The most recent advances have seen the development of cloud and self-driving databases that change how data is collected, stored, managed, and utilized. Cloud databases manage unstructured and structured data in public, private, or hybrid cloud computing platforms. Self-driving databases are the latest type of databases. They are cloud-based autonomous databases that use machine learning to automate routine data management tasks such as updates, backups, security, and tuning (Jain et al., 2021)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
First, the evolution of databases began in the 1960s with hierarchical and network databases, which simply stored and manipulated data. Second were the relational databases, which became dominant in the 1980s. These databases organized data into tables of rows and columns, allowing for a more flexible and efficient way of accessing structured information. Third were the object-oriented databases that allowed data to be represented as objected. Fourth were the distributed databases that linked two or more files on different sites, allowing the database to occupy multiple computer systems. Fifth were data warehouses that acted as central data repositories designed for fast query and analysis. Sixth were the NoSQL databases that allowed storing and manipulating unstructured and semistructured data, becoming more popular as web applications became more complex and common (Jain et al., 2021)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
Seventh were the graph databases that stored data regarding entities and indicated the relationship between the entities. Eighth were open source databases that could be NoSQL or SQL databases and whose source code is open source. Ninth were cloud databases that use a cloud computing platform. Tenth were multimodel databases that combine different types of database models into an integrated, single back end, thereby accommodating various data types. Eleventh were document databases designed to store, retrieve, and manage document-oriented information, storing data in JSON format rather than columns and rows. Twelfth are self-driving databases as the most recently presented model that uses cloud technology and machine-based learning to automate database management tasks traditionally performed by database administrators (Jain et al., 2021).
Databases are mainly identified by the software used as either open-source or commercial databases. Open-source databases are free to access, as the community can view, share, and modify the source code, which lowers costs. The database software is distributed under an open license model. Commercial databases are available at a price and can only be viewed or modified by authorized users. When comparing open-source and commercial databases, it must be noted that open-source databases are niche offerings with limited vendor support, functionality, and features. Many stable and mature organizations may use commercial databases because they are commercially supported, including patches and upgrades (Garn, 2024)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
Still, it must be noted that open-source databases are growing as they add features, administrative tools, and certified database administration experts, making them a viable alternative to commercial databases. Additionally, while open-source databases may be considered free, that is not true in the strictest sense of the word. They may require up-front licensing fees and ongoing maintenance costs. Many of the open-source vendors also operate fee-based databases, opting to provide base functionality in the free open-source database offering and charging a fee for later versions with higher features. The fees can be subscription-based support contracts and up-front purchase costs. The only difference between these and commercial databases is that they charge significantly lower ongoing maintenance costs and upfront licensing fees when compared to their commercial competitors (Garn, 2024)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
Both open-source and commercial databases can handle large amounts of data and support complex data structures. In addition, they can be optimized for security, scalability and performance. Besides that, they can use various interfaces and tools for remote access and management. Moreover, they can be used to support mission-critical services and applications. Furthermore, they can be used to store and retrieve data in a structured manner (Garn, 2024)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
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Open-source databases have woven smoothly into the fabric of information technology because they offer benefits. First, they are continuously evolving to present better code quality. The open-source community is focused on identifying defects and bugs and making necessary adjustments to solve the problems on a practice basis. Second, they have greater customization. Unlike proprietary software used in commercial databases, open-source software allows the community to modify and create personalized solutions that meet their specific demands. They can delete or add functionalities. Third, they avoid vendor lock-in as the community gains freedom from charges for product support and costs, which can sometimes be prohibitively high. That is unlike proprietary software in commercial databases that use a closed format. Fourth, they are continuously available as vendors would not be acquired or close operations. This is unlike a commercial database whose vendor may close down or get acquired without guaranteeing that the products will be available for use, supported, or timely updates (Srivastava & Goyal, 2022)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
Although they have benefits, open-source databases have challenges. First, they are vulnerable as many people can access the source code, making them vulnerable as not everyone has good intentions. Some users may spot and exploit defects to create vulnerabilities or introduce bugs. Second, they do not have adequate support. The open-source community may be large, but getting support to fix a problem could take time. The community must identify, resolve, and fix issues. In addition, who ideated, designed, and created the product may not be known, making it difficult to identify who is liable. This may attract high costs when fixing problems (Srivastava & Goyal, 2022)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
Commercial databases offer significant benefits. First, they have technical support through a professional support team that helps users who require assistance with activities such as installation and configuration. Second, they have more features and functions than open-source databases, including advanced data visualization, reporting, and analysis tools. Third, they have better security as they have built-in security features that are regularly reviewed and updated to prevent threats. Fourth, they are integrated as they are designed to collaborate with other enterprise programs and software seamlessly (Srivastava & Goyal, 2022).
Although commercial databases have benefits, they present some challenges. First, they have limited customization, with many of them not being as customizable as open-source databases. This makes it difficult for the organization to customize the database. Second, they are locked on a supplier, making the organization dependent on the supplier and making it difficult to switch to a different database. Third, they may be expensive, with the maintenance and licensing costs increasing over time (Srivastava & Goyal, 2022)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment.
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Healthcare databases play a critical role in ensuring compliance and facilitating reporting. They are designed to store and manage vast amounts of data, including treatment plans, medical histories, and patient records. The databases centralize healthcare data, enabling healthcare organizations to monitor and analyze data efficiently. First, they enhance accountability and transparency by streamlining incident reporting and promoting accountability and transparency. They enable effective communication among regulatory bodies and providers. Second, they enable infectious disease tracking, allowing for real-time monitoring of disease outbreaks and streamlining reporting to stakeholders while facilitating prompt interventions like contact tracing and quarantine. Third, they facilitate medication error management by assisting in reporting medication errors and improving patient safety through analyzing incidents and enhancing protocols. Fourth, they facilitate patient safety tracking and reporting by using structured reporting to identify trends and enable targeted improvements. Fifth, they ensure role compliance and accurate reporting by centralizing patient records, treatment plans, and medical histories while facilitating efficient monitoring and analysis of compliance-related data. Finally, they ensure regulatory adherence by enhancing the quality and safety of healthcare services and protecting the privacy and rights of patients (Hartzband, 2021)Evolution And Uses Of Databases Assignment