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Comparison Of Bowel Elimination Disorders Discussion

Comparison Of Bowel Elimination Disorders Discussion

  Diarrhea Bowel Obstruction Hemorrhoids
Pathophysiology Microbial or viral pathogens insult the epithelium of the intestine, leading to poor absorption of water; ultimately increasing motility; hence, diarrhea with loose stools (Kelly et al.,2018). Distention of proximal bowel and collapse of the distal segment. Bowel walls become edematous as fluid gathers in the bowel lumen.

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 Constipation and straining from hard fecal matter increase intra-abdominal pressure that ultimately obstructs the venous return in the hemorrhoidal plexus, leading to engorgement of the plexus (Margetis, 2019).
Etiology Infections from bacteria and viruses lead to reduced water absorption or increased water secretion. Tumors, hernias, postoperative adhesions, hematoma, stenosis, gallstones, or foreign bodies (Catena et al., 2019). Chronic constipation, vigorous straining, or prolonged sitting that leads to trauma to the anal mucosa or dilation of the arteriovenous plexuses.
Clinical Manifestations ·         Abdominal cramps

·         Fever

·         Watery stool

·         Nausea

·         Bloating

·         Urgent need for bowel movements.

 ·         Intermittent stomach cramps.

·         Appetite loss

·         Vomiting

·         Constipation

·         Inability to pass gas or bowel movements.

 ·         Rectal bleeding

·         Pruritus

·         Prolapse

·         Pain in the anus.
Interventions ·         Conduct stool test

·         CBC to determine infection.

·         Conduct upper endoscopy.

·         Administer loperamide

·         Advise the patient to drink plenty of fluids.

·         Increase intake of electrolyte-dense food such as eggs, chicken, and bananas.

 

 ·         Abdominal X-ray

·         Palpation for focal tenderness

·         Perform nasogastric suctioning

·         Administer IV fluids for recovery and hydration.

·         Administer morphine sulfate for pain.

·         Advise the patient to eat smaller portions of food at a time and space the feeding times.

 ·         Surgical hemorrhoidectomy.

·         Procedure for prolapsing hemorrhoids.

·         Rubber band ligation

·         Advise patient to take warm sitz baths daily for 10 minutes.

·         Use ice packs when swollen.

·         Eliminate hard foods that cause constipation.

·         Regular exercise

·         Adding fiber to diet and increasing fluid intake.

References

Catena, F., De Simone, B., Coccolini, F., Di Saverio, S., Sartelli, M., & Ansaloni, L. (2019). Bowel obstruction: a narrative review for all physicians. World Journal Of Emergency Surgery, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-019-0240-7

Kelly, L., Jenkins, H., & Whyte, L. (2018). Pathophysiology of diarrhoea. Paediatrics And Child Health, 28(11), 520-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paed.2018.09.002

Margetis N. (2019). Pathophysiology of internal hemorrhoids. Annals of gastroenterology, 32(3), 264–272. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2019.0355

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Comparison Of Bowel Elimination Disorders Discussion