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Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay

 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay

Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders – As the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women, cardiovascular disorders account for 7 million hospitalizations per year (NCSL, 2012). This is the result of the extensive treatment and care that is often required for patients with these disorders. While the incidences of hospitalizations and death are still high, the mortality rate of cardiovascular disorders has been declining since the 1960s (CDC, 2011). Improved treatment options have contributed to this decline, as well as more knowledge on patient risk factors. As an advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to recommend appropriate treatment options for patients with cardiovascular disorders. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, advanced practice nurses must consider aspects that might influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes such as medical history, other drugs currently prescribed, and individual patient factors.

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Consider the following case studies:

NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 1:

Patient AO has a history of obesity and has recently gained 9 pounds. The patient has been diagnosed with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Drugs currently prescribed include the following:

  • Atenolol 12.5 mg daily
  • Doxazosin 8 mg daily
  • Hydralazine 10 mg qid
  • Sertraline 25 mg daily
  • Simvastatin 80 mg daily

NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 2:

Patient HM has a history of atrial fibrillation and a transient ischemic attack (TIA). The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart disease. Drugs currently prescribed include the following: NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.

  • Warfarin 5 mg daily MWF and 2.5 mg daily T, TH, Sat, Sun
  • Aspirin 81 mg daily
  • Metformin 1000 mg po bid
  • Glyburide 10 mg bid
  • Atenolol 100 mg po daily
  • Motrin 200 mg 1–3 tablets every 6 hours as needed for pain

NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 3:

Patient CB has a history of strokes. The patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Drugs currently prescribed include the following:

  • Glipizide 10 mg po daily
  • HCTZ 25 mg daily
  • Atenolol 25 mg po daily
  • Hydralazine 25 mg qid
  • Simvastatin 80 mg daily
  • Verapamil 180 mg CD daily

To prepare:

  • Review this week’s media presentation on hypertension and hyperlipidemia, as well as Chapters 19 and 20 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
  • Select one of the three case studies, as well as one the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior factors.
  • Reflect on how the factor you selected might influence the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.
  • Consider how changes in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.
  • Think about how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes. Reflect on whether you would modify the current drug treatment or provide an alternative treatment option for the patient.

Post a 1 page paper APA format 

  •   an explanation of how the factor you selected might influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in the patient from the case study you selected. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.
  • Then, describe how changes in the processes might impact the patient’s recommended drug therapy.
  • Finally, explain how you might improve the patient’s drug therapy plan.

NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Readings

  • Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

o   Chapter 19, “Hypertension” (pp. 230–246) . This chapter examines the relationships between the cardiovascular, nervous, and renal systems. It then describes diagnostic criteria for hypertension patients, drugs used to treat hypertension and possible adverse reactions, monitoring patient response, and patient education.

o   Chapter 20, “Hyperlipidemia” (pp. 247–262). This chapter explores causes of hyperlipidemia, treatments for hyperlipidemia patients, and methods for monitoring patient response. It also reviews strategies for risk assessment and patient education. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.

o   Chapter 21, “Chronic Stable Angina” (pp. 263–277) . This chapter begins by exploring factors that contribute to chronic stable angina, types of drugs used in treatment, and diagnostic criteria for initiating drug therapy. It also examines methods for monitoring patient response to treatment and educating patients on self-care.

o   Chapter 22, “Heart Failure” (pp. 278–297) . This chapter examines the process of prescribing drugs to treat heart failure and explores effects of prescribed drugs, proper dosages, and possible adverse reactions.

o   Chapter 49, “Anticoagulation Disturbances” (pp. 764–803) . This chapter covers drug therapy options for three disorders requiring anticoagulants: venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic stroke. It also explains the process of initiating and managing drug therapy for patients with these disorders.

  • Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/. This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.

NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Media

  •  Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Baltimore, MD: Author. This media presentation outlines hypertension and hyperlipidemia including contributing factors, evaluation, treatment, and implications.Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

NURS 6521 Pharm Week 10 Discussion Hormone Replacement Therapy

In recent years, hormone replacement therapy has become a controversial issue. When prescribing therapies, advanced practice nurses must weigh the strengths and limitations of the prescribed supplemental hormones. If advanced practice nurses determine that the limitations outweigh the strengths, then they might suggest alternative treatment options such as herbs or other natural remedies, changes in diet, and increase in exercise. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.

Consider the following scenario:

As an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic, you often treat female (and sometimes male patients) with hormone deficiencies. One of your patients requests that you prescribe supplemental hormones. This poses the questions: How will you determine what kind of treatment to suggest? What patient factors should you consider? Are supplemental hormones the best option for the patient, or would they benefit from alternative treatments?

To prepare:

  • Review Chapter 56 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as well as the Holloway and Makinen and Huhtaniemi articles in the Learning Resources.
  • Review the provided scenario and reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.
  • Locate and review additional articles about research on hormone replacement therapy for women and/or men. Consider the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy.
  • Based on your research of the strengths and limitations, again reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.
  • Consider whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies.

Post A 1 page paper APA format ( no title page)

  1. a description of the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy.
  2. Based on these strengths and limitations, explain why you would or why you would not support hormone replacement therapy.
  3. Explain whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies and why.

Resources

  • Holloway, D. (2010). Clinical update on hormone replacement therapy. British Journal of Nursing, 19(8), 496–504.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.This article examines the purpose, components, and administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It also presents benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternative treatment options of HRT. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.
  • Mäkinen, J. I., & Huhtaniemi, I. (2011). Androgen replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies—A mini-review. Gerontology, 57(3), 193–202.Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.This article examines the role of testosterone levels in the development of hypogonadism. It also explores health issues that are impacted by testosterone levels and the role of testosterone replacement therapy.

Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 56, “Menopause and Menopausal Hormone Therapy” (pp. 884–895)This chapter presents various options for menopausal hormone therapy and examines the strengths and limitations of each form of therapy. NURS 6521 Pharm Week 3 Discussion: Pharmacotherapy for Cardiovascular Disorders Essay.